pgc 1α agonist zln005 Search Results


pgc 1α activator zln005  (MedChemExpress)
99
MedChemExpress pgc 1α activator zln005
Reduction of AST <t>PGC‐1α–CX43</t> axis in SPS mice was responsible for the enhanced fear retrieval. (A) Experimental steps of FACS ( n = 3/group); (B) gate strategy and sorting results; (C) representative bands and quantitative data of PGC‐1α and NRF1 proteins; (D) representative bands and quantitative data of hippocampal CX43 protein in the control group and on Days 1, 7, and 14 after SPS modeling; (E) flowchart of the experiment ( n = 6/group); (F and G) freezing time of Con+CSF and Con+GAP27 group mice in the contextual fear test (F) and the cued fear test (G); (H) ELISA for detecting the ATP levels in the hippocampal tissues of the mice in the Con+CSF and Con+GAP27 groups; (I) ELISA for detecting the ATP levels in the hippocampal tissues of the mice in the control and SPS groups. Data are presented as mean and SEM. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 between groups ( t ‐test or Tukey test).
Pgc 1α Activator Zln005, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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zln 005  (MuseChem Chemicals)
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ZLN005（Cat No.:I003738）is a small-molecule activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. By enhancing PGC-1α activity, ZLN005 promotes mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation, making
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pgc 1α activators zln005  (Selleck Chemicals)
94
Selleck Chemicals pgc 1α activators zln005
Reduction of AST <t>PGC‐1α–CX43</t> axis in SPS mice was responsible for the enhanced fear retrieval. (A) Experimental steps of FACS ( n = 3/group); (B) gate strategy and sorting results; (C) representative bands and quantitative data of PGC‐1α and NRF1 proteins; (D) representative bands and quantitative data of hippocampal CX43 protein in the control group and on Days 1, 7, and 14 after SPS modeling; (E) flowchart of the experiment ( n = 6/group); (F and G) freezing time of Con+CSF and Con+GAP27 group mice in the contextual fear test (F) and the cued fear test (G); (H) ELISA for detecting the ATP levels in the hippocampal tissues of the mice in the Con+CSF and Con+GAP27 groups; (I) ELISA for detecting the ATP levels in the hippocampal tissues of the mice in the control and SPS groups. Data are presented as mean and SEM. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 between groups ( t ‐test or Tukey test).
Pgc 1α Activators Zln005, supplied by Selleck Chemicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pgc+1%CE%B1+agonist+zln005/ZLN005/ppr0337783-38-0-4
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
pgc 1α activators zln005 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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pgc 1α agonist zln005  (MedChemExpress)
95
MedChemExpress pgc 1α agonist zln005
Fig. 1. Study design for the experiment. TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; <t>PGC-1α,</t> peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; APA, action potential amplitude; RP, resting potential; APD, action potential duration; ICa,L, L-type Ca2+
Pgc 1α Agonist Zln005, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pgc+1%CE%B1+agonist+zln005/ZLN005/pm39082363-77-70-78
Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
pgc 1α agonist zln005 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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Image Search Results


Reduction of AST PGC‐1α–CX43 axis in SPS mice was responsible for the enhanced fear retrieval. (A) Experimental steps of FACS ( n = 3/group); (B) gate strategy and sorting results; (C) representative bands and quantitative data of PGC‐1α and NRF1 proteins; (D) representative bands and quantitative data of hippocampal CX43 protein in the control group and on Days 1, 7, and 14 after SPS modeling; (E) flowchart of the experiment ( n = 6/group); (F and G) freezing time of Con+CSF and Con+GAP27 group mice in the contextual fear test (F) and the cued fear test (G); (H) ELISA for detecting the ATP levels in the hippocampal tissues of the mice in the Con+CSF and Con+GAP27 groups; (I) ELISA for detecting the ATP levels in the hippocampal tissues of the mice in the control and SPS groups. Data are presented as mean and SEM. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 between groups ( t ‐test or Tukey test).

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Peroxisome Proliferator‑Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator‑1α Deficiency in Hippocampal Astrocytes Underlies Enhanced Fear Memory Retrieval in Male Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model Mice

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70671

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reduction of AST PGC‐1α–CX43 axis in SPS mice was responsible for the enhanced fear retrieval. (A) Experimental steps of FACS ( n = 3/group); (B) gate strategy and sorting results; (C) representative bands and quantitative data of PGC‐1α and NRF1 proteins; (D) representative bands and quantitative data of hippocampal CX43 protein in the control group and on Days 1, 7, and 14 after SPS modeling; (E) flowchart of the experiment ( n = 6/group); (F and G) freezing time of Con+CSF and Con+GAP27 group mice in the contextual fear test (F) and the cued fear test (G); (H) ELISA for detecting the ATP levels in the hippocampal tissues of the mice in the Con+CSF and Con+GAP27 groups; (I) ELISA for detecting the ATP levels in the hippocampal tissues of the mice in the control and SPS groups. Data are presented as mean and SEM. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 between groups ( t ‐test or Tukey test).

Article Snippet: The PGC‐1α activator ZLN005 (HY‐17538; MCE) was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day [ , ], while the SIRT1 activator resveratrol (HY‐16561; MCE) was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day once a day for 14 days [ , ].

Techniques: Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

AST PGC‐1α knockdown enhanced fear memory and anxiety‐like behaviors and impaired AST structure. (A) Flowchart of the experiment ( n = 9/group); (B) representative images of virus‐labeled astrocytes; (C) representative bands and quantitative data of PGC‐1α and CX43; (D) freezing of mice in the contextual fear test; (E) freezing of mice in the cued fear test; (F) the percentage of time that mice spent exploring the open arm in the elevated maze test out of the total time; (G and H) the total distance and representative traces of the open field test; (I and J) the results and representative images of the Sholl analysis of astrocytes. The data are presented as mean ± standard error ( n = 3/group). (K) Representative image of S100A10 immunofluorescence staining (scale bar: 50 µm); (L) the percentage of colabeling of S100A10 and PGC‐1α ( n = 3/group). Data are presented as mean and SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 between groups ( t ‐test).

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Peroxisome Proliferator‑Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator‑1α Deficiency in Hippocampal Astrocytes Underlies Enhanced Fear Memory Retrieval in Male Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model Mice

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70671

Figure Lengend Snippet: AST PGC‐1α knockdown enhanced fear memory and anxiety‐like behaviors and impaired AST structure. (A) Flowchart of the experiment ( n = 9/group); (B) representative images of virus‐labeled astrocytes; (C) representative bands and quantitative data of PGC‐1α and CX43; (D) freezing of mice in the contextual fear test; (E) freezing of mice in the cued fear test; (F) the percentage of time that mice spent exploring the open arm in the elevated maze test out of the total time; (G and H) the total distance and representative traces of the open field test; (I and J) the results and representative images of the Sholl analysis of astrocytes. The data are presented as mean ± standard error ( n = 3/group). (K) Representative image of S100A10 immunofluorescence staining (scale bar: 50 µm); (L) the percentage of colabeling of S100A10 and PGC‐1α ( n = 3/group). Data are presented as mean and SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 between groups ( t ‐test).

Article Snippet: The PGC‐1α activator ZLN005 (HY‐17538; MCE) was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day [ , ], while the SIRT1 activator resveratrol (HY‐16561; MCE) was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day once a day for 14 days [ , ].

Techniques: Knockdown, Virus, Labeling, Immunofluorescence, Staining

AST PGC‐1α knockdown impaired hippocampal neuronal activity. (A) Flowchart of the experiment; (B) representative images showing the colocalization of the fluorescence of the PGC‐1α knockdown virus (green) with the immunofluorescence of the AST marker GFAP (red) and the electrode implantation location (scale bar: 50 µm); (C–E) mean frequency (C), bursts per minute (D), and AI value (E) of mouse hippocampal neurons recorded by multichannel electrodes during the conditioned fear test ( n = 5/group); (F) grating diagram of mouse hippocampal neurons spike; (G) schematic of the patch‐clamp experiment ( n = 5/group); (H) original current representation of action potential; (I) statistical data of action potential; (J) original current representation of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current; (K) frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current; (L) amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current. Data are presented as mean and SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 between groups ( t ‐test).

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Peroxisome Proliferator‑Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator‑1α Deficiency in Hippocampal Astrocytes Underlies Enhanced Fear Memory Retrieval in Male Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model Mice

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70671

Figure Lengend Snippet: AST PGC‐1α knockdown impaired hippocampal neuronal activity. (A) Flowchart of the experiment; (B) representative images showing the colocalization of the fluorescence of the PGC‐1α knockdown virus (green) with the immunofluorescence of the AST marker GFAP (red) and the electrode implantation location (scale bar: 50 µm); (C–E) mean frequency (C), bursts per minute (D), and AI value (E) of mouse hippocampal neurons recorded by multichannel electrodes during the conditioned fear test ( n = 5/group); (F) grating diagram of mouse hippocampal neurons spike; (G) schematic of the patch‐clamp experiment ( n = 5/group); (H) original current representation of action potential; (I) statistical data of action potential; (J) original current representation of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current; (K) frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current; (L) amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current. Data are presented as mean and SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 between groups ( t ‐test).

Article Snippet: The PGC‐1α activator ZLN005 (HY‐17538; MCE) was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day [ , ], while the SIRT1 activator resveratrol (HY‐16561; MCE) was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day once a day for 14 days [ , ].

Techniques: Knockdown, Activity Assay, Fluorescence, Virus, Immunofluorescence, Marker, Patch Clamp

AST PGC‐1α knockdown prohibited the release of extracellular ATP. (A) Flowchart of the experiment ( n = 4/group); (B) representative images of virus‐labeled astrocytes (scale bar: 50 µm); (C) representative graphs and quantitative data of the area under curve (AUC) of ATP fluorescence signal during the first training period; (D and E) representative graphs showing the changes in ATP levels in the two groups of mice during the contextual fear memory (D) and cued fear memory (E) tests; (F) representative graphs and heat maps of the AUC of ATP levels during the contextual fear memory test; (G) quantitative data of the AUC of ATP levels during the contextual fear memory test; (H and I) peak values (H) and frequencies (I) of ATP release during the contextual fear memory test; (J) representative graph and heatmap of the AUC of ATP levels in the two groups of mice during the fear memory test; (K) quantitative data of the AUC of ATP levels during the fear memory test; (L and M) peak values (L) and frequency (M) of ATP release during the fear memory test. Data are presented as mean and SEM. *p < 0.05 between groups ( t ‐test).

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Peroxisome Proliferator‑Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator‑1α Deficiency in Hippocampal Astrocytes Underlies Enhanced Fear Memory Retrieval in Male Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model Mice

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70671

Figure Lengend Snippet: AST PGC‐1α knockdown prohibited the release of extracellular ATP. (A) Flowchart of the experiment ( n = 4/group); (B) representative images of virus‐labeled astrocytes (scale bar: 50 µm); (C) representative graphs and quantitative data of the area under curve (AUC) of ATP fluorescence signal during the first training period; (D and E) representative graphs showing the changes in ATP levels in the two groups of mice during the contextual fear memory (D) and cued fear memory (E) tests; (F) representative graphs and heat maps of the AUC of ATP levels during the contextual fear memory test; (G) quantitative data of the AUC of ATP levels during the contextual fear memory test; (H and I) peak values (H) and frequencies (I) of ATP release during the contextual fear memory test; (J) representative graph and heatmap of the AUC of ATP levels in the two groups of mice during the fear memory test; (K) quantitative data of the AUC of ATP levels during the fear memory test; (L and M) peak values (L) and frequency (M) of ATP release during the fear memory test. Data are presented as mean and SEM. *p < 0.05 between groups ( t ‐test).

Article Snippet: The PGC‐1α activator ZLN005 (HY‐17538; MCE) was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day [ , ], while the SIRT1 activator resveratrol (HY‐16561; MCE) was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day once a day for 14 days [ , ].

Techniques: Knockdown, Virus, Labeling, Fluorescence

Activation of hippocampal AST or PGC‐1α reduced fear memory retrieval in SPS mice. (A) Flowchart of experiment 5 ( n = 7/group); (B) representative image of immunofluorescence of hM3Dq‐labeled AST; (C) freezing time of mice in the contextual fear test; (D) freezing time of mice in the cued fear test; (E) percentage of time that mice spent exploring the open arm in the elevated maze test out of the total time; (F) flowchart of the experiment 5 ( n = 6/group); (G) freezing time of mice in the contextual fear memory; (H) freezing time of mice in the cued fear memory; (I) percentage of time that mice spent exploring the open arm in the elevated maze test out of the total time; (J and K) representative bands of GFAP (J) and CX43 (K) along with quantitative data; (L) flowchart of the experiment 6 ( n = 7/group); (M) schematic diagram of the hM3Dq–mCherry/AAV5–PGC‐1α viral injection site and colabeling; (N) freezing time of mice in the contextual fear memory; (O) freezing time of mice in the cued fear memory. Data are presented as mean and SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 between groups ( t ‐test or Tukey test).

Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Peroxisome Proliferator‑Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator‑1α Deficiency in Hippocampal Astrocytes Underlies Enhanced Fear Memory Retrieval in Male Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model Mice

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70671

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of hippocampal AST or PGC‐1α reduced fear memory retrieval in SPS mice. (A) Flowchart of experiment 5 ( n = 7/group); (B) representative image of immunofluorescence of hM3Dq‐labeled AST; (C) freezing time of mice in the contextual fear test; (D) freezing time of mice in the cued fear test; (E) percentage of time that mice spent exploring the open arm in the elevated maze test out of the total time; (F) flowchart of the experiment 5 ( n = 6/group); (G) freezing time of mice in the contextual fear memory; (H) freezing time of mice in the cued fear memory; (I) percentage of time that mice spent exploring the open arm in the elevated maze test out of the total time; (J and K) representative bands of GFAP (J) and CX43 (K) along with quantitative data; (L) flowchart of the experiment 6 ( n = 7/group); (M) schematic diagram of the hM3Dq–mCherry/AAV5–PGC‐1α viral injection site and colabeling; (N) freezing time of mice in the contextual fear memory; (O) freezing time of mice in the cued fear memory. Data are presented as mean and SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 between groups ( t ‐test or Tukey test).

Article Snippet: The PGC‐1α activator ZLN005 (HY‐17538; MCE) was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day [ , ], while the SIRT1 activator resveratrol (HY‐16561; MCE) was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day once a day for 14 days [ , ].

Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Labeling, Injection

Fig. 1. Study design for the experiment. TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; APA, action potential amplitude; RP, resting potential; APD, action potential duration; ICa,L, L-type Ca2+

Journal: Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)

Article Title: Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Regulates Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function via the p53/PGC-1α Pathway in HL-1 Cells.

doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2907263

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Study design for the experiment. TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; APA, action potential amplitude; RP, resting potential; APD, action potential duration; ICa,L, L-type Ca2+

Article Snippet: To investigate the effects of p53 on PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the p53 agonist Tenovin-6 (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) and the p53 inhibitor PFTα (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck), while the control group received an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Solarbio), and all were cocultured for 24 h. To validate the role of PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 (final concentration of 20 μM; MedChemExpress [MCE], Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) and the PGC-1α inhibitor SR182923 (final concentration of 20 μM; MCE); the control group received an equal volume of DMSO (Solarbio) with a co-culture duration of 24 h.

Techniques:

Fig. 6. TERT regulates the p53/PGC-1α pathway. (A,D) WB in TERT-overexpressed cells. (B,E) WB in TERT-silenced cells. (C,F)

Journal: Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)

Article Title: Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Regulates Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function via the p53/PGC-1α Pathway in HL-1 Cells.

doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2907263

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. TERT regulates the p53/PGC-1α pathway. (A,D) WB in TERT-overexpressed cells. (B,E) WB in TERT-silenced cells. (C,F)

Article Snippet: To investigate the effects of p53 on PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the p53 agonist Tenovin-6 (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) and the p53 inhibitor PFTα (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck), while the control group received an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Solarbio), and all were cocultured for 24 h. To validate the role of PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 (final concentration of 20 μM; MedChemExpress [MCE], Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) and the PGC-1α inhibitor SR182923 (final concentration of 20 μM; MCE); the control group received an equal volume of DMSO (Solarbio) with a co-culture duration of 24 h.

Techniques:

Fig. 7. Effects of PGC-1α on ICa,L, intracellular Ca2+, and Ca2+ transporters. (A) Original record of ICa,L. (B) Role of PGC-1α on ICa,L current density. (C) Quantification of intracellular Ca2+. (D) Representative images of Ca2+ concentration detected by flow

Journal: Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)

Article Title: Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Regulates Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function via the p53/PGC-1α Pathway in HL-1 Cells.

doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2907263

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Effects of PGC-1α on ICa,L, intracellular Ca2+, and Ca2+ transporters. (A) Original record of ICa,L. (B) Role of PGC-1α on ICa,L current density. (C) Quantification of intracellular Ca2+. (D) Representative images of Ca2+ concentration detected by flow

Article Snippet: To investigate the effects of p53 on PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the p53 agonist Tenovin-6 (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) and the p53 inhibitor PFTα (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck), while the control group received an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Solarbio), and all were cocultured for 24 h. To validate the role of PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 (final concentration of 20 μM; MedChemExpress [MCE], Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) and the PGC-1α inhibitor SR182923 (final concentration of 20 μM; MCE); the control group received an equal volume of DMSO (Solarbio) with a co-culture duration of 24 h.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Fig. 8. Effects of PGC-1α on mitochondrial function. (A) Role of PGC-1α on ROS. (B) Role of PGC-1α on SOD activity. (C) Role of PGC-1α on MMP. (D) The OCR curve of HL-1 cells treated with ZLN005 and SR-18292. (E) Effects of PGC-1α on the OCR. *p < 0.05,

Journal: Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)

Article Title: Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Regulates Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function via the p53/PGC-1α Pathway in HL-1 Cells.

doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2907263

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8. Effects of PGC-1α on mitochondrial function. (A) Role of PGC-1α on ROS. (B) Role of PGC-1α on SOD activity. (C) Role of PGC-1α on MMP. (D) The OCR curve of HL-1 cells treated with ZLN005 and SR-18292. (E) Effects of PGC-1α on the OCR. *p < 0.05,

Article Snippet: To investigate the effects of p53 on PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the p53 agonist Tenovin-6 (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) and the p53 inhibitor PFTα (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck), while the control group received an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Solarbio), and all were cocultured for 24 h. To validate the role of PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 (final concentration of 20 μM; MedChemExpress [MCE], Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) and the PGC-1α inhibitor SR182923 (final concentration of 20 μM; MCE); the control group received an equal volume of DMSO (Solarbio) with a co-culture duration of 24 h.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of TERT on cell electrophysiology. TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; PGC-1α, peroxisome

Journal: Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)

Article Title: Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Regulates Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function via the p53/PGC-1α Pathway in HL-1 Cells.

doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2907263

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of TERT on cell electrophysiology. TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; PGC-1α, peroxisome

Article Snippet: To investigate the effects of p53 on PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the p53 agonist Tenovin-6 (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) and the p53 inhibitor PFTα (final concentration of 15 μM; Selleck), while the control group received an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Solarbio), and all were cocultured for 24 h. To validate the role of PGC-1α, HL-1 cells were treated with the PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 (final concentration of 20 μM; MedChemExpress [MCE], Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) and the PGC-1α inhibitor SR182923 (final concentration of 20 μM; MCE); the control group received an equal volume of DMSO (Solarbio) with a co-culture duration of 24 h.

Techniques: